Combat

ForeSight (1986), pp. 43–56 — a best-effort cleanup of the machine-extracted original; expect residual OCR noise. Compare with the source PDF. About this restoration.

[4.0] Combat

Designer's Notes: the FS combat system is designed, as are many wargames, to use a hex-grid to regulate movement, and determine ranges. Players may use miniatures, counters, dice, or whatever, to indicate their characters' positions and facings on the hexgrid,assuming you use a full-sized hex-grid. The problem of course is that most people aren't going to bother with the hex-grid, and will resolve combat by having the GM keep a rough record of what is going on, and essentially "wing it". This is okay, since the hex-grid is provided more as a method of giving a person reading these rules an idea of how the system works, rather than to force users of the system to lay out a hex-grid for every combat.

There is an intermediate possibility: the GM can record the terrain, and the positions and facings of the ~ombatants on a grid of very small hexes (or squares, If preferred), and alter them as combat proceeds.

[4.1] Set-up

Procedure: Combat in ForeSight is generally the result of previous actions which have placed the involved parties in a combat situation. A combat will have some sort of setting: a building, cave complex, forest, or whatever. The GM must decide how this is to be represented on a map which is tiled with hexagons (to regulate movement, and assist range-determination), each representing an area approximately equal to one sql,!are metre (ie. they are one metre across). In FS the setting is expressed in terms of blocking, half cover, three quarter cover, and open hexes; if the GM wishes to incorporate elevation and so forth into the system, shelhe may do so in the obvious way. A half cover hex has some sort of cover, eg. a bush, cactus plant, or table, in it. A character may enter it normally, and is treated as having haH cover when kneeling, or prone in that hex.

A thre.e-quarter cover hex has some fairly prominent sort of cover, eg. part of a tree, a pillar or doorway, in it. A character must spend an entire move action (see below) to enter such a hex, but is treated as having half cover when standing, and three-quarter cover when kneeling, or prone in that hex. A line of sight may not be traced through such a hex; nor maya prone character in such a hex trace a line of sight out of it. A blocked hex contains some impenetrable obstacle eg. a brick wall, tree trunk, or boulder, and may not ~ entered, nor maya line of sight pass through it.

A character has a line of sight from point A to point B if he/she could see point B from point A. Often the presence or lack of a line of sight will be a matter for the GM to decide, so specific rules are not provided (eg. a thick glass wall would form blocking hexes for purposes of movement and missile fire, but not for line of sight (it would stop [most] lasers since the vapourised glass would absorb and refract the beam).

The GM should also decide where the characters (player and non-player) are located, and which direction they are facing, using events leading up to the combat as a guide. Sometimes it will be stated that one side or the other has been surprised, in which case that side automatically has worse initiative in the first turn than any unsurprised side (but determines initiative with regard to other surprised sides normally), and none of its members may attempt to find cover before combat. Finding Cover Befor. Combat Procedure: a character who finds him/herself about to become involved in a combat will probably try to get behind some sort of cover. Any character in an unsurprised side at the beginning of a combat may attempt to find cover: he/she makes a Scan roll and then consults the following table: Quality Rating of Scan Roll Terrain Value

0,1 1/2 cover * 112 cover 2,3 3/4 cover 1/2 cover * 1/2cover 4,5, SU* 3/4 cover 1/2 cover *3/4 cover *112 cover 6+, UR *blocked 3/4 cover 1/2 cover *3/4 cover Note: *the character is adjacent to, but not in, such a hex. **Suburban (SU) and Urban (UR) areas have a low value reflecting the ease of movement through them; they are given higher places here owing to the ready availability of cover in them. See the Vehicle rules for more information on Terrain values. A character may choose any result under a higher (ie. worse) quality rating than the one he/she achieved.

[4.2] Combat Resolution

Procedure: Combat in FS is divided into turns, each representing three seconds of time in the GameWorld, and ceases when all sides have agreed to cease hostilities, or only one side remains functional. Each turn is divided as follows into segments, which are resolved in the order described:

[i) Initiative Determination Segment: each side determines its initiative. A representative of each side makes an Initiative roll (modified for armour visibility and wound status, etc.). A character with raised hands, or some such impediment, is assumed to automatically have OR 10 initiative. [ii] Declaration Segment: The sides declare the actions of their constituents in order of descending OR of their representatives' initiative rolls (in the case of ties, in the order of ascending Initiative PCS). [iii] Action Segment: players resolve the actions of their characters, which must either correspond to those declared by them in [ii), or be pass (or in-) actions, in descending order of their adjusted speeds (or in order of agility if equal). Note that the point in this segment during which a given character performs his/her actions is referred to as that character's action pulse.

Definition: Action Points: a character (who is not performing all or part of a pulse action) has a number of action points to spend in his/her action pulse equal to his/her net speed, if it is greater than 2, and 2 otherwise. If a character has fractional adjusted speed, then ignore fractions of less than one half, and allow fractions greater than one half to be treated as whole for determining when the character acts, and discount it for purposes of action points, or vice versa (player's choice) ego a character with adjusted speed 2.5 could act at the same time as characters with speed 3, and spend 2 action points, or wait until speed 2 and spend 3 action points - effectively fractional speeds lower than 2 are rounded off). Characters performing a pulse actions round off their speeds for purposes of deciding when they act. Net Speed: Total the armour Spd rating for all limbs (also see rules the for exoskeletons. below) and fill it in the appropriate box. Add one eighth of the character's EVA skill level, and fill this in under Armour Speed Modifier (unless it is greater than zero, in which case replace this value with zero). Determine the effect of the weight (mass times gravity) the character is carrying on his/her speed (see [2.1], but it should be recorded on the character sheet), note this modifier in the box labelled Speed under encumbrance on the character worksheet. Add this to the Armour Speed Modifier to yield the character's net speed modifier. The character's net speed equals his/her speed plus this modifier (the "+ G" has been written in for your convenience). Procedures: The actions a character can perform in combat are procedures which alter hislher position, condition, or whatever. There are two sorts of actions in FS, categorised by the time it takes to perform them. Action Point Actions cost the character a number of action points to perform. Pulse Actions take a character a number of action pulses to perform. In one of his/her action pulses a character may either [1] perform action point actions costing action points s his/her available APs; [2] perform anyone action point action (ie. as a 1-pulse action); or [3] perform one pulse worth of pulse actions (eg. complete a 1-pulse action, or a third of a 3-pulse action).

Action Point Actions Move (Costs 1 Action Point): a character (who is standing) may be moved into one of his/her front hexes (without altering his/her faCing) one, two, or three times (at most two in HY gravity, at most one in EX). A Move action costs the character performing it 0.5 Fatigue points. A prone character may Move into a front hex without altering hislher facing. Optionally: a character reduces his/her speed for purposes of determining when his/her pulse occurs (only) by the number of Move actions he/she took that pulse. A character may attempt to jump (using the Jump skill at + the character's current speed modifier) the hexes between his/her initial and destination hexes (the

latter of which must be a hex he/she could have moved to with that action normally), and succeeds on a OR 3 (4 if the previous action the character took was also a Move action). Turn (Costs 1 Action Point): a character (who is standing) may alter his/her facing by 60°, and then be placed in a front hex; be placed in a front hex, and then alter his/her facing by 60°; or have his/her facing altered by up to 180° (120° in HY gravity). In EX gravity a turn action only allows a 60° change of facing by the character. A prone character may alter hislher facing by 60°. Any Parry or Dodge action performed immediately after a Move or Turn action incurs a -2 modifier. Combat Move (Costs 1 Action Point): a standing character may be moved one hex in any direction without altering hislher facing (only into front hexes in HY/EX gravity). This may be taken as an opportunity action. Combat Turn (Costs 1 Action Point): a standing character's facing may be altered by 60°, or 120° (60° only in HY/EX gravity). This may be taken as an opportunity action. Aim (Costs 1 Action Point): a character may negate the unaimed shot penalty for an immediately subsequent shot at a target in a legitimate target hex. This may be taken as an opportunity action, but then costs 2 action points. Fire (Costs 1 Action Point): a character may fire one shot (unbracketed under ROF) at a target in a legitimate target hex. Unless fired at a target aimed at, or successfully struck by an immediately prior fire action (ie. his/her previous action, which was a fire action, with that same weapon), or immediately previously fired at without the unaimed penalty, the fire action accrues the unaimed penalty. This may be taken as an opportunity action. Fire Burst (Costs 2 Action Points): as for fire action but fires weapon with bracketed ROF. The target in this case may be a group of objects. This may be taken as an opportunity action. A character (with an appropriate weapon) may also fire a burst at an area which must comprise a number of contiguous hexes not exceeding the number of shots fired; the OR of the burst determines the number of shots which hit someone or thing (eg. OR 4 indicates half the shots hit something). each takes damage determined by a random OR and the weapon's DC (when not firing bursts; or the normal DC-2 if no "single shot" DC is given). Area fire is performed at + 1 - (the number of hexes in the area), and uses the worst size and profile modifier of any of the targets the firer desires to hit; area fire never incurs the unaimed penalty.

If a percentage of a shot is given as hitting a target, then that is the percentage chance of one [additional] complete shot hitting: ego a QR4 five-shot burst would

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result in two bullets hitting a target, and a 50% chance of a third hitting one as well. Drop (Costs 1 Action Point): If a character is standing he/she may adopt a kneeling or prone posture. A kneeling character may become prone. A character struck by fire may immediately take this action (which may, or may not, affect subsequent actions). This may be taken as an opportunity action. Discard (Costs 1 Action Point): A character may release the contents of one or both of his/her hands into the hex he/she currently occupies, or an adjacent one. Recover (Costs 1 Action Point): A character may nullify previously incurred penalties for recoil and/or movement. Attack (Costs 1 Action Point): A character may attack a target in a legitimate melee target hex. An Attack action costs the character performing it 0.5 Fatigue points. Opportunity Attack (Costs 1 Action Point): A character may attack a target in a legitimate melee target hex immediately after that target has performed some part (or the whole of) his/herlits pulse. This is solely an opportunity action. An Opportunity Attack actions costs the character performing it 0.5 Fatigue points. Parry (Costs 1 Action Point): A standing or kneeling character may elect to attempt to parry anyone attack against him/her originating from a legitimate target hex, using the modifier for close attacks if the attacker is close, and for normal attacks if the attacker is at normal or reach range. This is solely an opportunity action. A Parry action costs the character performing it 0.5 Fatigue points. Note: a given prepared weapon may be used for (at most) one Attack, one Parry, and one Opportunity Attack action in a single pulse. A person's body counts as two weapons for these purposes (but note that a person may not parry unarmed without the Defensive field of knowledge). Dodge (Costs 1 Action Point): A standing character may elect to attempt to dodge anyone attack originating from one of hislher legitimate target hexes, before that attack is resolved. This is strictly an opportunity action, and it may not be taken more than twice per pulse by any (human) character; it costs the character performing it 0.5 Fatigue points. Draw Weapon (not applicable): this is a rather strange action, rules-wise: a weapon whose Dr (draw) value is of the form #5 may be drawn at a cost of # action points (or as a turn action). A character wishing to perform a draw action reduces his/her speed (and action points) for that action segment by #. 50, eg., a weapon with a Dr value of 25, is drawn by a characters with adjusted speed 4, who (for that segment only) acts at speed 2 with 2 action points. The weapon is thereafter considered prepared. A

weapon requires a certain number of hands to have prepared, and a character may not have prepared more weapons than she/he has hands to hold. Cache Weapon (Costs # Actions Points where weapon has Dr = #5): a character may cache a weapon in some appropriate sheath, or pocket, on hislher person. The weapon is no longer prepared. Reload Weapon (Costs # Action Points where weapon has RL = #5): a character may reload a weapon which has expended all of its ammunition. This comprises attaching a fresh power source to a weapon with Ammo - #P, and feeding a new clip, or more bullets, into a weapon with Ammo = #. Opportunity Actions: an opportunity action is taken during a character's pulse, but its effect is delayed as follows: at any time immediately after some other character has completed an action, and any other preconditions of the delayed action have been met, the opportunity action may be resolved normally. Eg. a character takes an opportunity fire action, and waits for someone to move into line of sight before firing. Any number of actions may be performed thus (in order of descending speed, if necessary), but an opportunity action must be expended before the opportunity acting character's next action pulse, or it is lost. Furthermore, any opportunity actions taken in "response" to a given action are resolved before any further actions are resolved.

Pulse Actions Bead (Takes 1 Pulse): a character may take a bead on a character he/she could fire at without unaimed penalty. The first fire action at that target taken as the first action in the character's next pulse will receive the bead bonus if that target is still in some legitmate target hex, and has been in the intervening time. Evade (Takes 1 Pulse): a character taking an evade action may alter hislher position and facing as if by expending haH hislher action points (round down) on move and turn actions, and is considered to be evad Ing until his/her next action pulse, or until he/she elects to, or is forced to cease, evading. An Evade action costs the character performing it 0.5 Fatigue points. Draw Weapon (Takes # Pulses where weapon has Dr .. #T): allows the character to prepare the weapon for use. Cache Weapon (Takes # Pulses where weapon has Dr = #T): a character may cache a weapon in some appropriate sheath, or pocket, on hislher person. The weapon is no longer prepared. Reload Weapon (Takes # Pulses where weapon has RL = #T): a character may reload a weapon which has expended all of its ammunition. This comprises attaching a fresh power source to a weapon with Ammo = #P, and feeding a new clip, or more bullets, into a weapon with Ammo - #.

Emplace (Takes 1 Pulse): a character may emplace for use a prepared weapon, in his/her hex, which has Use ... E. Unemplace (Takes 1 Pulse): a character may pick up, unemplace, or demount (as applicable) an emplaced weapon in hislher hex. Rise (Takes 1 Pulse): the character may rise to kneeling or standing. Recover From Stun (Takes 1 Pulse): a character may be stunned as a result of damage taken, and may only take these actions thereafter, until unstunned. This action allows one attempt to become unstunned. A Pain Resistance roll is made (adjusted for Wound Status) and if OR 4 or better is achieved, the character is unstunned. Any Action Point Action may be performed in a pulse, as a (one) pulse action.

[4.3] Combat Procedures Fire [Fire Combat] Resolution The shaded hexes in the following diagram are legitimate target hexes for the character, provided he/she can see into them. The effect of this is to say that a character cannot shoot backwards (at least with an accuracy) bar in exceptional circumstances (to be determined by the GM). Legltlllile Terget H_

A weapon is fired as follows: applicable modifiers are added to the character's appropriate BEF. The BEF used is that indicated by the weapon's use. Weapons with use H require Handguns; L require Longarms; R require Mechanical Ranged Weapons; M require Melee Weapons; E require Heavy Weapons. Fire is resolved normally. A hit occurs on a OR 1 to 4, a miss on a OR 7 or 10. If a fire action's die roll falls in the range Jam # to 99, then the weapon is jammed, and must be unjammed before being used again. This is the equivalent of a Reload action, and requires a OR 3 or better (unadjusted) roll against the appropriate weapon skill (or repair, if weapon systems is possessed by the character).

A fire action resulting in a OR 10 indicates the character has shot entirely the wrong thing, or ruined his/her weapon.

Attack [Melee Combat] Resolution

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ff1::=The above diagram explains which hexes constitute legitimate melee target hexes, which performance and damage class modifiers are used at each range for attacks and parries. A character in an unlabelled hex may not be attacked, and if he/she attacks the character, the character may not parry the blows, and dodges at -2. An attack is resolved as follows: applicable modifiers are added to the character's appropriate BEF, including the PM modifier for the hex the target occupies. The BEF used is that indicated by the weapon's use. Weapons with use H,L,R,M, or E require Melee Weapons; UC requires Unarmed Combat.

An attack may be parried, in which case the target, if eligible to parry, declares before the attack is resolved that he/she will parry. The attack is then resolved. The parry is conducted at EF ... OR (of attack) modified by the PM appropriate to the hex occupied by the attacker using Melee Weapon skill. A QR1 to 3 parry negates the attack parried (ie. it becomes a miss). A QR10 parry allows the attacker either to choose the location he/she strikes (rather than roll for it), or increase the DC of hislher attack by one. An attack may be dodged, in which case the target, if eligible to dodge, declares before the attack is resolved that he/she will dodge. The attack is then resolved. The dodge is resolved at EF .. OR (of attack) using Unarmed Combat Skill or Agility (defender's choice). If OR 3 or better is achieved, then the defender is automatically missed, and is placed in a rear hex without altering hislher facing. H a OR 10 is achieved, then the defender falls down, otherwise the attack is unaffected. An attack which achieves OR 10 causes the attacker to have to make a (unadjusted) roll against the appropriate weapon skill or drop or break his/her weapon (defender's choice) on a OR 7, or do both, on a OR 10". H he/she achieves OR 4, then he/she must either drop or break his/her weapon (his/her own choice). If he/she achieves OR 3 or better, then the

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weapon is neither dropped, nor broken. (·Optionally the GM may rule that he/she hits him/her self at random OR.) Finally, an attack achieving OR 4 or better is described as having hit, while an attack of OR 7 or worse is described as having missed. Thrown Weapons: weapons with use M, which have ratings for use as fire weapons, use the lower of Throwing and Melee Weapon skill PCSs when being "fired", and do not run out of ammunition but are themselves expended (although they can usually be recovered later); to "reload" another must be drawn.

Damage Resolution and Effects If a fire action or attack action has hit some one or thing, then he, she, or it may be damaged. The most important thing about the attack in this step is the damage class (DC) of the weapon, a number followed by a letter (the number adjusted for range), or a modifier, which is added to the attacker's Unarmed Combat Damage Class, both of which may be modified (see relevant tables), and the OR of the shot or attack. Armour Protection

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Wound Status StlltU$ level Ollmage Taken Okay 101_ lW [11_ MW [21_ HW [31_ INC 4141_ INC 5 [51_ Dead 161 Nolu ... hit localion: fWod ~ 1 10 ~ posltivt d....... if PR ron fai1td, drop hold it"" Cht.t normal Abdomtn PR at -I ...In fun, r_vtnd if PR ron fa\ltd, fan pr.... Lot

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The damage is first allocated to one of the target's locations. Human characters, for example, may be hit in one of seven different locations (see the character worksheet). Roll 010 to determine the location (the parentheses contain the 010 roll resulting in a hit to that location); this roll may be altered if, for example, a specific shot was taken. In the case of a shot, if the location was protected by some other object, then that object, instead, is damaged (unless flimsy enough to be ignored). Eg. a character crouching behind a empty barrel is harder to hit, but is not protected by the barrel from damage, whereas a character behind a boulder could ignore "hits" to his/her legs and abdomen. The damage inflicted by the attack is determined by finding the result listed under the attack's net DC (ie. adjusted for any appropriate armour protection, range, etc.) for the OR of the attack. This damage is then reduced by the number of "A"s in the appropriate armour protection rating (zero becomes an "S" result, anything less equals no effect). See [4.4] for details of weapons, including their DCs, and armour types, including their protection ratings versus various types of attack.

The resultant damage (again, "S" counts as zero) is added to the Wound Level of the target (ie. damage to individual locations is important only with regard to special effects and armour protection; the actual damage counts, regardless of location). Note that depending on the location damaged, special effects, as cited on the character worksheet, including increased damage, may accrue. These special effects apply only if some damage actually got through, of course. If the character suffered an "S" result, or an increase in Wound Level, then he/she must then immediately make a Pain Resistance (or PRj roll (ie. achieve QR4 or better) or become stunned. A QR10 PR roll indicates that the character faints from pain (ie. falls prone, and can only perform Recover from Stun actions which are successful only on a QR2 or better). A stunned character may perform only Recover from Stun actions. Note that the modifiers for being wounded apply to the EF of PR rolls too (and a character with abdomen wounds suffers an additional negative modifier). Note also that stun weapon (with damage class suffixed by an "S") hits are affected by impact protection, and any resultant damage stuns the target, rather than increasing his/her wound level. Stun weapons will stun a human for the "damage" inflicted in hours; mammals will be stunned for a greater or lesser period, inversely dependent upon mass (as a guide, divide period for humans by animal's DT value). A living human being may be in one of six wound levels, corresponding to one of six wound status brackets as follows: [0]: Okay; the person is not currently injured, except, perhaps, superficially. [1]: LIght Wound; the character is injured, and receives a -1 modifier to all resolution attempts, and Speed. Base Recovery Time: 24 hours.

[2]: Medium Wound; the character is injured, and receives a -2 modifier to all resolution attempts, and Speed, and a -1 modifier to UCDC. Base Recovery Time: 5 days.

[3]: Heavy Wound; the character is injured, and receives a -3 modifier to all resolution attempts, and Speed, and a -2 modifier to UCDC. Base Recovery Time: 30 days. Definition: Base Recovery Time functions as follows. After a character with a given wound status spends the base recovery time resting (if outdoors, he/she must also make a survival roll) he/she should make an EF3 (no modifiers) EN roll. QR1-4 indicates his/her wound status is reduced by one. QR10 indicates it is increased by one.

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[4]: Incapacitated 4; the character is injured and in shock, and is incapable of action for a number of hours equal to the OR of a Pain Resistance roll (normal EF), after which time Wound Level drops by one (to 3). If a OR 10 is achieved, then the character's Wound Level increases by one in ten hours. Any other actions the character may be forced to take are at -4. [5]: Incapacitated 5; the character is injured and dying, and must make a (normal EF) pain resistance roll once per hour, or die. If a QR 1 is achieved, then the character's Wound Level drops by one (to 4). [6]: Dead; a character with damage level six or more is dead, and, unless ghosts or whatever function in your campaign, may take no further action. Note that a character's wound level/status may be the result of smaller wounds taken in different locations (eg. one point of damage in the arm, and another in the leg, would give the character wound level 2, or medium wound status). Various non-human game objects/creatures have different damage tracks (DTs) to those of humans. These are of a form giving the Wound Level (number of damage points so far received) which brings on a given Wound Status (the effect of that damage). A piece of equipment may have a damage track, in which case it is spoken of as having a Damage Status, rather than, but corresponding to, a Wound Status, and any modifier to 'all actions taken .. .' applies to anyone using the item. Inc 4 for equipment and vehicles is treated as Partially Destroyed, and Inc 5 for equipment and vehicles is treated as Destroyed; some devices, especially delicated ones, will cease to function at all once damaged, in which case the degree of damage is important only with regard to the difficulty of repair. See the Appendix for a comprehensive listing of damage tracks.

Fire Combat Modifiers -2

Firer has not performed Recover action since last executing a Move, Turn, Drop, Attack, Parry, Dodge, or Evade, action. -2 Unaimed shot

• 1 Weapon braced or Firer prone -2 Firer is using L weapon one handed [may not be Beaded] +3 Firer has taken Bead on target -R Firer fired a weapon with R recoil boxes during hislher immediately prior action -2 Firer making specific shot (may alter location roll by up to four) -2 Firer using weapon one-handed in 'off' hand (... continued in next column ... )

Target Motion (in and since his/herlits previous action pulse; use the worst applicable) -1 Target moved -2 Target moved ~ 5 metreslhexes -3 Target moved ~ 10 metres/hexes -4 Target moved ~ 20 metres -4 Target is evading +2 Target is stunned or immobile Note: strictly speaking, the motion referred to should only apply if it was across the firer's field of vision. Target Size -6 Target is tiny (eg. coin, or insect) -4 Target is very small (eg. bird, or gun) -2 Target is small (eg. child, or dog) (+0) Target is size of human adult +1 Target is large (eg. horse) +2 Target is very large (eg. car) Target Profile (modifiers are cumulative) -3 Target is prone -1 Target is kneeling -4 Target has 3/4 cover -2 Target has 112 cover Target Range (modifiers are cumulative) +1 Target is in weapon's short range -1 Target is in weapon's long range +1 Target within 3 metres (handgun) -1 Target within 3 metres (Iongarm) -1 Target is 50-100m away· -2 Target is 101-200m away· -3 Target is 200-500m away· -4 Target is 501-1000m away· (etc.)

• 1 Firer not in one of target's legitimate target hexes, or target cannot see firer Note: • the range increments for handguns, and firearms used one-handed in general, are halved (eg. handguns suffer a -1 modifier at 25-50m).

Melee Combat Modifiers -2

Attacker attempting specific blow (may alter location die roll by up to four) -2 Attacker attempting powerful blow (costs one extra fatigue point) -1 Attacker using two weapons this pulse -2 Attacker using three weapons this pulse -1 Defender using technique unknown to attacker +2 Attacker behind target (not in legitimate target hex), or target cannot see attacker for some other reason, or target defenceless or unconscious. -2 Attacker's weapon in 'off' hand (only) -2 Attacker's previous action was to Move or Turn -2 Attacker is kneeling -4 Attacker is prone

• 1 Defender is kneeling +2 Defender is prone Target Size -4 Target is tiny -1 Target is small -2 Target is very small +1 Target is very large

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Damage Table

Quality Rating × Damage Class → the Damage Result. Reconstructed from the original pixel-art grid (the column-crop scramble it replaced is in git history).

DAMAGE = DC × (Yield% for QR) ÷ 2 — round off on QR1–2, round down on QR3–4. A result of zero becomes S; exception: QR4 at DC 0 = no effect.

Key to Damage Table & Formula (An entry is referred to as the Damage Result, or simply as the Damage) #: increase in wound level of target; target must make PR roll or be stunned S: target must make PR roll or be stunned • A stunned character may only perform Recover from Stun actions . • A character achieving a QR10 Pain Resistance roll faints from the pain, and recovers from stun only on a QR2 or better. Fire Combat Damage Class Modifiers (These alter the DC column used)

• 1 Short Range -(Armour Protection Number) -1 Long Range Melee Combat Damage Class Modifiers (These alter the DC of the attack)
• 1 'One and a half' handed weapon used two handed +2 Powerful blow +1 Attacking weapon is a pole-arm, and target's immediately previous action was a Move action +1 Attacking weapon is pole-arm, and attacker has Moved this pulse Damage Modifiers (These modify the actual damage suffered) -1 Armour with 'A'suffix -2 Armour with 'AA' suffix Important Note: for purposes of damage arithmetic: 1 - 1 .. S; S - 1 = no effect. Hit Location Special Effects (These are also noted on the Character Worksheet.) Head: hits doing positive damage (ie. ~1) do one point of extra damage" Arm: if a pain resistance roll caused by an arm wound is failed, the character drops (discards) anything held in that arm or attached hand Chest: no special effects" Abdomen: a character incurs a -1 moditier to all pain resistance rolls for each wound he/she is suffering to the abdomen" Leg: if a pain resistance roll caused by a leg wound is failed, the character falls prone Optional "Critical" Damage " hits doing positive damage (ie. ~1) do one point ot extra damage on a D10 roll ~ 2.

[4.4] Combat Equipment

Designer's Notes: the ForeSight Master Weapons Chart completely describes each of a number of weapons in terms of ~he combat system; ego firearms are also rated as melee weapons (ie. for use as clubs). No detailed descriptions of the weapons are given in ForeSight, but a brief description of nonobvious weapons from the chart is given below: SDH Cone Rifle: the Self-Designating Heavy Cone Rifle fires small rocket propelled grenades at whatever target is designated by its inbuilt laser target designator, and incorporates a telescopic sight. Protein Disruptor: a high powered maser (a sort of pointable microwave oven); this weapon is highly illegal. TO - : target designating laser weapons fire low-intensity UV beams when the trigger is slightly depressed, and fire a higher intensity, damaging beam when the trigger is fully depressed. Each such weapon includes a telescopic, light-intensifying, UV sight. Projac: is the name of the company which first produced multi-wavelength coherent light weapons. Projac lasers have less difficulty burning through wavelengthspecific reflective and ablative surfaces. Projacs have all the features of TO weapons. SL - : a Self-Loading ("Automatic" or "Semi-automatic") weapon. Each pull of the trigger fires one shot (although the weapon may require cocking for a first shot). Weapons equivalent to these, but weighing 50% more, and with half the ammunition capacity, are available at TL 4 with a rate of fire of [1] and a jam rating three lower, and at TL4.5 with with a rate of fire of 1 and a jam rating one lower. Needle Pistol: fires a dose of some drug into any target suffering S or higher damage from it. DEXAX Needle Pistol; DEXAX Needle Rifle: DEXAX weapons fire slivers of DEXAX at their targets (via an efficient electromagnetic railgun system). These weapons can also fire non-explosive ammunition, in which case their DCs drop to 51 for the pistol, and 101 for the rifle. With non-explosive ammunition, the pistol is almost silent; only rifles with a select-fire mode, allowing subsonic projectile fire, and reducing DC to SI, can be fired silently (such weapons are usually illegal). Stun - : stun weapons knock out their targets with tightly focussed sonic shock-waves. The stun-rifle is designed as a riot control weapon, and to be used as a melee weapon. Of course neither will function at all in trace atmospheres and vacuums. Optional: TLS stun weapons are somewhat superior to their Tl7 brethren, and have [fire; not melee] PM, DC, Draw, and Can values one better; they cost 50% more. SUAuto - : the SL carbine/Auto carbine stats are statistics for the same weapon set tor single shot and automatic fire. Similarly for the SUAuto rifle. Often these weapons will not be available in a configuration

e 407

allowing automatic fire, but such weapons will cost as much as those which are. Weapons equivalent to these, but incapable of automatic fire, weighing 50% more, and with haH the ammunition capacity, are available at TL4 with a rate of fire of [1], and at TL4.5 with a rate of fire of 1. ML pistol: this is the abbreviation of Muzzle-Loading Pistol, chosen for lack of space. Bare HandlFist, KneelKick, Slap: these are unarmed attacks, which may be made by any character using unarmed combat skill (and with an appropriate limb no more than lightly wounded). Sandblasters: these are sample alien weapons. The sandblaster charges small particles of detritus with electricity, and then accelerates them electromagnetically; the weapon is a utility device, used much the same role as a shotgun. There is no reason why humans couldn' build them at the stated TL.

Weapons Chart Headings & Abbreviations Recoil Boxes: the small black boxes accompanying the names of some weapons are their recoil boxes. PM: Performance Modifier: used as a modifier whenever the weapon is used (properly) in a Fire action. Ammo: Ammunition. If this is a number, then that is the number of shots the weapon may fire before it must be reloaded (to be fired again). Roughly speaking, a clip of ammunition for such a weapon is assumed to weigh one tenth as much as the weapon it is for, and cost (DC+ TL)xAmmo/1 00 svu; better yet, assume that barring special circumstances, characters will have three to five reloads available. If the weapon's ammunition is expressed in the form 'mP' then the weapon is electrically powered, and requires a "standard" (ie. TL8) battery of mass (n+ 1)m grams to power it for n shots. (See [S.O] for the costs and masses of various batteries & generators.) ROF: The number of shots the weapon may fire at a time. If square bracketed, then the weapon fires bursts of that many shots. DC: Damage Class. A quantification of the damage the weapon does when it hits (this can be modified). H suffixed by a 'B' then the target is protected by the Beam ratings of any armour he/she may be wearing; if the suffix is an "', or an'S' use the Impact ratings; and if there is no suffix, use the Melee ratings. A modifier (of the form ±n) is added to the user's Unarmed Combat Damage Class to give its DC. A weapon which is rated at DC 2xN (whatever N is), inflicts DCN at whatev'in OR was achieved (this may be random), and an additional DCN at a randomly determined OR. Close: the weapon's close range for fire combat, a target inside this range is said to be at close range.

Long: the weapon's long range for fire combat. Targets beyond this cannot be fired at successfully. Con: the weapon's concealment rating determines how easy the weapon is to' conceal on one's person against cursory inspection. Anyone looking at a character with a concealed weapon receives a Scan roll (modified by the Con rating of the weapon - if several weapons are possessed, then use the highest modifier for those carried), and if OR 3 or better is achieved, a weapon is detected by the character, OR 1 reveals how many and what kind; weapons with an adjusted Con rating of +S or more will only be overlooked on a QR1 o. This modifier assumes that the character uses wears sufficient apparel to cover the weapon (eg. characters wearing bathing suits may have problems). Dr: the Draw rating of the weapon quantifies the ease and rapidity with which it may be prepared. See the Draw action. R L: the Reload rating of the weapon reflects how quickly the weapon may be reloaded. See the Reload action. Jam: the lower this number, the more frequently the weapon jams, so this reflects the weapon's reliability. Close/Reach: the weapon's facility for melee combat, and explained fully thereunder. Wgt: the weapon's mass in kilograms. Use: the skill appropriate to the weapon (any number indicates the number of hands required to use the weapon, one and a half indicates that the weapon may be used one or two handed, but that it does more damage two-handed). TL: the (Hard) Technological Level required to construct such a weapon. Cost: the cost of the weapon in SVU (c: multiply by 100, k: multiply by 1000).

e 408

ForeSight Master Weapon Chart

Reconstructed from the original pixel-art chart into filterable data + cards (toggle Summary/Cards, filter by text or era). DC = damage class (+letter: I impact / B beam / S stun); ranges in metres or ST-multiples; melee pairs are PM/DC as a club at close/reach/long-reach. Verify against the original — corrections welcome.

Sample Terrain
Flat, med. ueg.
Temperate Climate

   Blocked (Tree Trunk)
    1/2 cover; bush
   Grass: slippery if wet.
   Moss: slippery

Sample Terrain
Small Rpartment

   Wall
   Sofa, Chair, or Bed
   Table
    Shelving
    Misc. Built-ins

    Door

    Window

Armour Protection                                                Exoskeletons
Armour in ForeSight is constructed for individual locat-         Some of the heavier types of armour are too heavy to
  ions on a character's body. Any armour a character               lug around (full invulnasuit weighs 271<g) and are best
  wears has a number of effects (costs are in svu):                off mounted on a powered exoskeleton. Exoskeletons
                                                                   may be used without armour as well.
Type           M        B Spd Con Vis Mass TL Cost
                                                                 Type          SL My DC ST Pow Mass TLCost
Leather        1    1   1-.25      o     0     .5    0  5
Hard Leather    2   2    1 -.5     +1    0     1     1 10        Augmented     6 2      +2 +4        25 35       7  8k
Ringmail        3   2    2 -.75    +2    0     2     2 25        Augmented     3 2      +2 +4 100 15             8  8k
Chainmai       2A 2     2A -1      +2   -1     3     2 50        Augmented     3 2      +2 +4         co   12    9  8k
Larnillar      3A 2     2A -1.25        -2     3     2 100       Combat        8 2      +4 +6        25 45       7 12k
Plate        4A 3       3A -1.5         -2     4     2 100       Combat        5 2       +4 +6 100 20            8 12k
Light Plate  3A 2       2A -1           -1     3     3 150       Combat        5 3       +4 +6        .... 15 9 12k
Heavy Plate  5A54A -2                   -2     5     3 200       Power-Roo     8 4       +3 +4 200 30            8 15k
AakJacket      3 3A 2 -.75              -1     3     4   100     Power-Roo     6 5       +3 +4        co   20    9 15k
Light Keviar   1 2A 1 -.125        -2     0   0.25   5    10     A charader using a power-roo may jump twice as far as
Kevlar         2 3A 1 -.25         -1     0     .5   5   20      a normal person (using EVA skill, not jumping).
Heavy Kevlar   3 4A 2 -.5          o    -1      1    5   40
DutySu~       A A 1        0       -2     0    .25   6    2      EVA SL: the minimum EVA skill level required to use the
Mirrorsuit     1 2A 2A -.125       -2     0   0.25   7   100      exoskeleton. A character using an an exoskeleton
Impermasuk     3 4A 3A -.5          o     0      1   7   100       improves his/her total armour speed modifier by one
Impermallex    2 3A 2A -.25        -1     0    0.5   7   100      quarter the difference between his/her EVA SL and
Impregnasuk 3AA 3AA 4A -.75             -1       2   7   200      the exoskeleton's SL, rather than one eighth his/her
Impregnallex 3A 3AA 5A -.5                0      1   8   200       EVA SL (ie. at high EVA skill levels exoskeletons are
Invulnasuk   4AA 4AA 5A -1              -1     3     8   200       advantageous).
Invulnallex   3A 4AA SA -.5        +1     0    1     9   200
Invincisu~   5AA 5AA SA -1               -1    3     9   300     Moye: exoskeletons can augment a character's ability
                                                                  to move. Any Move action the character takes counts
Melee: the protection the armour gives against melee              as this many move actions when wearing this type of
 damage.                                                          exoskeleton.

Impact: the protection the armour gives against impact           DC: the modifier to the damage class of any melee
  and stun damage.                                                attacks the character performs.

Beam: the protection the armour gives against beam               ST: the increase in ST the wearer enjoys when using the
  damage; If worn concealed, this value is reduced by              exoskeleton (this affects everything, including
 two damage classes, to a minimum of 1 or A (since the             Encumbrance, except Unarmed Combat Damage
  covering material tends to coat the armour's reflective          Class, which is improved by DC, above).
  surface with soot). Note that this protection
  represents a combination of reflection and ablation.           Power: the number of Combat Turns of power the
                                                                  exoskeleton has (exoskeletons use a combination of
Speed: is the speed reduction caused for each limb                generators, for normal activities, and batteries, for
 protected
        , by this sort of armour.                                 activities using unusually large amounts of power),
                                                                  which when expended reduce the exoskeleton'S DC
Con: is the concealability of the armour, and it works            and ST to 0, and its Move to 1, the batteries are
 exactly as that for weapons, see explanation above.              assumed to recharge after combat.

Vision: fill this number in the Search/Scan modifier box         Mass: the mass of the exoskeleton, in kg. This (along
  if the character's head is protected by this sort of            with the mass of any attached armour) is ignored for
  armour. This number modifies Initiative, Search, and            purposes of encumbrance, unless the exoskeleton is
  Scan rolls made by a character wearing a helmet of              being carried, rather than used.
  this type of armour.
                                                                 TL: the technological level required to construct such
Mass: the mass (in kg) of such armour suHicient to                 an exoskeleton.
 protect one location (double this mass for protection
 of a leg). Total the mass of the armour on all locations,       Cost: cost in SVU (c: x100, k: x1000).
 and write this into the slot for Mass of Armour.

TL: the tech. level necessary to produce such armour.

Cost: the cost (in SVU) of such armour sufficient to
 protect one location. This price is doubled for limb and
 head protection.

                                                           Page 409

Environment Suits                                            Prepare Grenade (Takes 1 Pulse): a character may
                                                               prepare a grenade, which takes up one of his/her
Environment suits are intended to shelter their wearer         hands, from which it must subsequently be thrown.
  partially or entirely from his/her environment. They         The only way of freeing the hand is by throwing the
  can be incorporated into a suit of armour, or used           grenade (see below) or discarding it, in which case it
  independently. They are described in terms of the            detonates in the hex it was discarded into.
  following:
                                                             Throw Grenade (Takes 1 Pulse): a character may
Type          Spd Vis       End Ext     Mass TL Cost          throw a grenade (or indeed another item) held in one of
                                                               his/her hands at some target hex. If this hex is not a
Breathing Mask 0       -1    1h 3kg/h   4kg 5         20       legitimate target hex, then there is a -2 penalty (this
SCUBA        -.75      -1    1h 3kg/h   8kg 5        200       means that grenades may be tossed over obstables,
NBC            -.5     -1   2h 1kg/2h 5kg 5          400       and through holes, but not through walls, or around
NBC          -.25       0   4h 1kg/4h 3kg 6          100      corners). Grenade tosses are modified for range, the
NBC              0      0    6h 500g/6h 2kg 7        100       'worst' (ie. for the thrower) cover in any hex in
Thermal Suit   -.5      0    8h 1kg/4h 3kg 6         100       between the thrower and his/her target, and the
Vacuum Suit -.75        0    4h 1kg/3h 8kg 6        5000       modifiers involving 'Firer'. Grenade tosses may be
Vacuum Suit    -.5      0    8h 1kg/8h 5kg 7        1000       'beaded'. Grenade tosses are resolved using
Vacuum Suit -.25        0   12h 1kg/12h 4kg 8       1000       Throwing skill.

Notes: a Breathing Mask uses bottled air; NBC gear           If a OR 3 or better results, then the grenade detonates
 uses advanced filters to remove noxious substances             in the target hex.
 from the air; SCUBA mass does not include weights,
 which are nullified underwater anyway, but does             If a OR 4 results, then the grenade detonates in a hex
  include fins, etc.; a thermal suit enables the wearer to      adjacent to the target hex. This is another place to
 alter the outer temperature bracket (for himlher-self)         use a 06, but the GM should decide whether a
 by one (eg. CO to NL), or two, but the latter quarters         particular result is possible (and if not, substitute a
  End; a vacuum suit not only includes a self contained         reasonable result).
  atmosphere, it has the properties of a thermal suit as
 well.                                                       If a OR 7 results, then the grenade detonates in a hex
                                                                06+ 1 hexes away from the target hex (determine the
Speed: add this to total Spd for armour.                        first hex randomly using a 06, then restrict the
                                                                remaining scatter to the that and the direction 60°
Vision: as for armour, and cumulative with any such             right (clockwise) of the original direction, isn't that
  modifier.                                                     easy?).

Endurance: how long the suit provides its protection for     If a OR 10 results, then the thrower has fumbled, and
  (this may be increased).                                      discards the grenade (as per the discard action,
                                                                which won't help much).
Extension: the additional mass required to extend
  Endurance by the time given.                               Results of Grenade Detonation
Mass: the mass of the suit in kg, add this to Mass of        Once a grenade is resolved to detonate in a particular
 Armour.                                                      hex, the results of the detonation are resolved, after
                                                              characters perform any opportunity actions they may
TL: the technological level necessary to construct such       have in hand. A character making a scan roll may fall
  a suit.                                                     prone at this point, but loses his/her next pulse. Note
                                                              that characters cannot tell what sort of grenade is
Cost: cost of the suit in SVU.                                about to detonate (unless they know via other
                                                               means).
[4.5] Optional Combat Rules
                                                             HE: high explosive concussion) grenades explode,
Grenades                                                      attacking anyonelthing in the detonation hex at some
                                                              DC (specified under the grenade description in the
Grenades: grenades in FS are used via two new pulse           equipment rules), with a random OR; those in adjacent
 actions. Their functions are described below.                hexes are attacked at this DC - 1; those two hexes
                                                              away from the detonation at DC - 2, and so forth. If
Weapon PM Close Long Con Jam Mass                             these go off in a confined space (eg. a building),
Grenade ••• 0      ST       2ST-4ST -3 98 400g                increase the grenade's DC by three. Kneeling
For information concerning specific grenade types,            characters reduce DC by 1; prone character's reduce
  see Equipment [6. OJ.                                       DC by 4.
Grenade.. +1       ST       2ST-5ST -4 99 200g
Grenade ••     0   ST       2ST-4ST -5 98          100g      Frag: fragmentation grenades work exactly as HE
Note that no grenades of these latter two sizes are            above, but DC decreases half (round up) as fast.
  given in ForeSight; rules for them may appear later.

                                                       Page 410

Smoke: smoke grenades fill up the hex they detonate in, and any hexes within three hexes of them with smoke, which blocks line of sight, but provides no cover. At the end of each initiative segment thereafter, the cloud of smoke from a given grenade has a chance of dispersing, equal to (nearly) zero in still air, one in ten in a breeze, two in ten in wind, or more in worse conditions. The GM may alter smoke clouds to taste, or for wind, as he/she desires. When it is determined that the cloud disperses, it modifies all fire, or melee actions through or from within it by -2 for the rest of the following turn, and disappears altogether at the end of it.

"Realistic" Damage I have received some complaints about the way damage (to characters) works in ForeSight. Since I dislike introducing special cases, rather than change the damage system I include the following optional rule. which can also be used for non-player characters and creatures by a sufficiently masochistic GM.

If a character is struck in a location not containing vital organs (ie. a limb) then if the damage from the blow exceeds the character's current wound level. then current wound level becomes the damage sustained to the limb, otherwise subtract two from the damage suffered (but do not reduce it below zero) and apply it normally (including special effects). So, in effect, in becomes harder to kill a person incapacitated by a blow to the head or trunk by hitting himlher in the arms or legs. Eg. a character currently suffering a heavy wound (wound level three) is hit by another blow (to a leg) for three damage. This does not exceed hislher wound level. so two is subtracted from thEi damage before it is applied, leaving one point of damage to incapacitate the character. Now if the damage had been suffered in reverse order (supposing the earlier wound had been taken in the chest), the character would instead be dead (this is not unrealistic, since shock causes a person's blood to withdraw into his/her head and trunk, so that a major limb wound inflicted on a healthy person will have a greater relative effect on hislher overall health, than the same wound inflicted on a person in shock) Masochistic GMs Only: for creatures and characters not having DT1, replace 'wo· with the amount of damage necessary to cause the creature/character to enter wound status two (medium wound). Also, for creatures and characters without specified hit locations, make a hit location roll anyway. and if the location rolled would have struck a human in a limb, then the target is treated as having been hit in a limb.

Additional Rules for Melee Combat Combat Harness While exoskeletons give their wearers artificially augmented strength and mobility, they are not wholly optimised for combat. As armour becomes stronger, more powerful weapons are required to punch through it. and some weapon technicians feel that powerful close combat weapons are the answer to this problem. A combat harness fits onto the arms (and, to a lesser extent, legs) of a full exoskeleton, and involves a battery of industrial lasers, high-tech glove guns, and sharp projections. When a character with combat harness makes an unarmed melee attack against somebody, he/she may use either the melee DC modifier (on top of that for the exoskeleton, and hislher own UCDC), or the beam, or impact. DC ratings of the harness used. The combat harness is, obviously, extremely deadly. For all other purposes (eg. encumberance) it counts as part of the exoskeleton it is attached to.

Combat Harness Characteristics TL Cost Mass Melee B

7.2k B.4k B.4k

Bkg 5kg 4kg

Impact

Beam

Minimum Strength for Weapon Use A person may not easily use a melee weapon if the mass of the weapon (in kg) plus five (rounded off) exceeds his/her ST; if this is the case, then he/she suffers an EF penalty equal to hislher ST minus the mass of the weapon, minus five (eg. a ST B person using a Skg weapon suffers an 8 - 5 - 5 - -2 EF penahy when using said weapon).

Parrying In the melee rules above, a successful parry action entirely negates a melee attack. While this is reasonable in many cases where it occurs, it falls down, eg .• when a person with a dagger completely fends off a broadsword attack. The following rule serves to combat such discrepancies.

Proc9dure: the EF of a parry attempt is reduced if the total DC of the attacking weapon exceeds that of the parrying weapon by 2 or more. The modifier is -(The difference in DC)I2, rounded down.

Special Melee Actions The following actions are special cases of the Attack action (unless otherwise specified), applying to characters who are armed with specified weapons, or at least have specified limbs free, and use the skill appropriate to the weapo·n used. Trip: (-1) requires a polearm or leg. Target must make an EF .. OR AG (or Acrobatics, target's choice) roll to avoid falling over. If the roll fails target drops to kneeling on OR 7, prone on OR 10, and must make a PR roll (or be stunned). Knockout: (requires OR 2 (3 if from behind) for success) may be performed with any weapon, or unarmed, and if successful is considered to have struck the target's h9ad. If the r9quired OR is not achieved, the blow is assumed to miss altog9ther. A result which does less than a light wound (ie. an S if the target is human) is treated normally; While a result equal at least to a LW (for humans, any # result) knocks the target out (for at least the duration of the combat), in addition to scoring the indicated damage. Entangle: requires an appropriate weapon (lasso, bola, net, etc.). Target must make EF - OR AG roll or fall prone. The target must, in any case, perform three recover actions, or sever the entangling weapon (specific blow) before performing any further actions. Note that no statistics for entangling weapons are given, but the rules are: grounds for a sequell Grab: this is a special Attack action involving the attacker grabbing something held by another character in his/her or an adjacent hex. The usual modifier for the target's size applies. If successful (and the attack is not dodged or parried) then the attacker and target make EF7 ST rolls. If the attacker's OR is strictly better, then he/she gets the object, if the ORs are equal, or the defender's is better, he/she retains the item. Disarm: a Parry, or immediately after it has been stated that it will be parried an Attack, action may, when it is performed, be declared to be a Disarm; it is then performed normally, but any result other than a QR1 or 2 is treated as a failure. If the disarm action achieves a QR1 or 2 (and, in the case of a disarm attack, the target fails to parry), then the target is disarmed; ie. the weapon whose attack was parried (in the former case), or the weapon used to parry, is lost (dropped, or in the case of a limb or extremity, numbed; numbed limbs have their DC reduced by 1, and incur a -1 modifier to hit; numbing lasts for [OR of EF5 EN roll] hours).

Pag

Restrain: (-2, 0 if attacker has Capture field) attacker must be close to target, and have both hands free. Several attackers may combine, and each receives a separate attempt. Attackers' combined ST must exceed target's, unless target is entangled. Target may not perform any action except attempting to break the restraint (takes 1 pulse), which requires an EF - OR Unarmed Combat or ST (target's choice) roll. Note that once they have restrained a target, other attackers in the hex may (while contributing their ST) attempt to improve their hold on the target, so long as the attacker whose OR is currently being applied refrains. Knockback: performed at close range. If the damage result (which is not adjusted by armour, and is not inflicted) exceeds (is strictly greater than) the defender's UCDC (x his/her DT if he/she is nonhuman), then the defender is forced into the hex directly behind him/her, and must make an EF 5 + [his/her own] UCDC • damage result AG or Acrobatics roll, or fall kneeling (on a OR 7) or prone (OR 10).

=

Knockback attacks may not be parried normally (although they may be dodged). Instead, a parry of a knockback attack is resolved as an opportunity attack (necessarily at close range) before the knockback is resolved. (This parry cum opportunity attack may not itself be parried, nor may it be a knockback attack.) Throw: This operates as a special case of the Dodge action, performed at -1, except that the attacker must be close (or at normal range if he/she is using a pole-weapon); if successful the attacker is thrown into an adjacent hex of the throwing character's choice. It may also be performed at close range as an Attack (at -2). Throws do the same damage as a kick, ie. using DC - UCDC+1 (location being determined normally). Strangle: (-3, -1 if attacker has Capture field) attacker must be close to target, and have both hands free. If successful, the attack is treated as a successful restrain action, but the target will be unable to breathe (see asphyxiation in the appendices) until the restraint is broken. Strangles are less effective against targets with armoured necks; (in general) they will have no effect if the strangle attack would not have penetrated the worst of the target's head and chest armour, had it been a normal attack.

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